- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTES
- RETURN VALUES
- SEE ALSO
- HISTORY
- COPYRIGHT

# NAME

COMP_CTX_new, COMP_CTX_get_method, COMP_CTX_get_type, COMP_get_type, COMP_get_name, COMP_CTX_free, COMP_compress_block, COMP_expand_block, COMP_zlib, COMP_zlib_oneshot, COMP_brotli, COMP_brotli_oneshot, COMP_zstd, COMP_zstd_oneshot, BIO_f_zlib, BIO_f_brotli, BIO_f_zstd - Compression support

# SYNOPSIS

     #include <openssl/comp.h>

     COMP_CTX *COMP_CTX_new(COMP_METHOD *meth);
     void COMP_CTX_free(COMP_CTX *ctx);
     const COMP_METHOD *COMP_CTX_get_method(const COMP_CTX *ctx);
     int COMP_CTX_get_type(const COMP_CTX* comp);
     int COMP_get_type(const COMP_METHOD *meth);
     const char *COMP_get_name(const COMP_METHOD *meth);

     int COMP_compress_block(COMP_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out, int olen,
                             unsigned char *in, int ilen);
     int COMP_expand_block(COMP_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out, int olen,
                           unsigned char *in, int ilen);

     COMP_METHOD *COMP_zlib(void);
     COMP_METHOD *COMP_zlib_oneshot(void);
     COMP_METHOD *COMP_brotli(void);
     COMP_METHOD *COMP_brotli_oneshot(void);
     COMP_METHOD *COMP_zstd(void);
     COMP_METHOD *COMP_zstd_oneshot(void);

     const BIO_METHOD *BIO_f_zlib(void);
     const BIO_METHOD *BIO_f_brotli(void);
     const BIO_METHOD *BIO_f_zstd(void);

# DESCRIPTION

These functions provide compression support for OpenSSL. Compression is used within the OpenSSL library to support TLS record and certificate compression.

`COMP_CTX_new()` is used to create a new COMP_CTX structure used to compress data.

`COMP_CTX_free()` is used to free the returned COMP_CTX. If the argument is NULL, nothing is done.

`COMP_CTX_get_method()` returns the COMP_METHOD of the given ctx.

`COMP_CTX_get_type()` and `COMP_get_type()` return the NID for the COMP_CTX and COMP_METHOD, respectively. `COMP_get_name()` returns the name of the algorithm of the given COMP_METHOD.

`COMP_compress_block()` compresses ilen bytes from the buffer in into the buffer out of size olen using the algorithm specified by ctx.

`COMP_expand_block()` expands ilen bytes from the buffer in into the buffer out of size olen using the algorithm specified by ctx.

Methods (COMP_METHOD) may be specified by one of these functions. These functions will be available even if their corresponding compression algorithm is not configured into the OpenSSL library. In such a case, NULL will be returned.

- `COMP_zlib()` returns a COMP_METHOD for stream-based ZLIB compression.

- `COMP_zlib_oneshot()` returns a COMP_METHOD for one-shot ZLIB compression.

- `COMP_brotli()` returns a COMP_METHOD for stream-based Brotli compression.

- `COMP_brotli_oneshot()` returns a COMP_METHOD for one-shot Brotli compression.

- `COMP_zstd()` returns a COMP_METHOD for stream-based Zstandard compression.

- `COMP_zstd_oneshot()` returns a COMP_METHOD for one-shot Zstandard compression.

`BIO_f_zlib()`, `BIO_f_brotli()` `BIO_f_zstd()` each return a BIO_METHOD that may be used to create a BIO via BIO_new(3) to read and write compressed files or streams. The functions are only available if the corresponding algorithm is compiled into the OpenSSL library. NULL may be returned if the algorithm fails to load dynamically.

# NOTES

While compressing non-compressible data, the output may be larger than the input. Care should be taken to size output buffers appropriate for both compression and expansion.

Compression support and compression algorithms must be enabled and built into the library before use. Refer to the INSTALL.md file when configuring OpenSSL.

ZLIB may be found at https://zlib.net

Brotli may be found at https://github.com/google/brotli.

Zstandard may be found at https://github.com/facebook/zstd.

Compression of SSL/TLS records is not recommended, as it has been shown to lead to the CRIME attack https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME. It is disabled by default, and may be enabled by clearing the SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION option and setting the security level as appropriate. See the documentation for the SSL_CTX_set_options(3) and SSL_set_options(3) functions.

Compression is also used to support certificate compression as described in RFC8879 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8879. It may be disabled via the SSL_OP_NO_TX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION and SSL_OP_NO_RX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION options of the SSL_CTX_set_options(3) or SSL_set_options(3) functions.

`COMP_zlib()`, `COMP_brotli()` and `COMP_zstd()` are stream-based compression methods. Internal state (including compression dictionary) is maintained between calls. If an error is returned, the stream is corrupted, and should be closed.

`COMP_zlib_oneshot()`, `COMP_brotli_oneshot()` and `COMP_zstd_oneshot()` are not stream-based. These methods do not maintain state between calls. An error in one call does not affect future calls.

# RETURN VALUES

`COMP_CTX_new()` returns a COMP_CTX on success, or NULL on failure.

`COMP_CTX_get_method()`, `COMP_zlib()`, `COMP_zlib_oneshot()`, `COMP_brotli()`, `COMP_brotli_oneshot()`, `COMP_zstd()`, and `COMP_zstd_oneshot()` return a COMP_METHOD on success, or NULL on failure.

`COMP_CTX_get_type()` and `COMP_get_type()` return a NID value. On failure, NID_undef is returned.

`COMP_compress_block()` and `COMP_expand_block()` return the number of bytes stored in the output buffer out. This may be 0. On failure, -1 is returned.

`COMP_get_name()` returns a const char * that must not be freed on success, or NULL on failure.

`BIO_f_zlib()`, `BIO_f_brotli()` and `BIO_f_zstd()` return NULL on error, and a BIO_METHOD on success.

# SEE ALSO

BIO_new(3), SSL_CTX_set_options(3), SSL_set_options(3)

# HISTORY

Brotli and Zstandard functions were added in OpenSSL 3.2.

# COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2022-2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html.